Rollup Architecture
An overview of the Eco Rollup architecture.
The Eco Protocol involves two discrete systems working in concert: The Cross-Chain Transfer System and the Eco Rollup. Learn more about both components by reading Eco Architecture.
The Rollup The Eco Rollup is not live in the current Alpha launch, but will launch during the Beta Phase of the Eco Protocol. Please see the Roadmap section for more details.
Eco Rollup
The Eco Rollup is an opinionated blockchain architecture with purpose built infrastructure for developers building global, crypto-abstracted payment experiences. At a high level, Eco is a Layer 3, EVM-compatible rollup that uses Celestia for data availability. It contains a payment-biased architecture that will launch with support for cross-chain interactions and intents and be extended to provide virtual machine level optimizations for stablecoin transfers. It will include protocol bridges for many of the most globally prominent and geographically adopted blockchains, allowing users to deposit and use funds on applications running Eco.
High-Level System Architecture
Free Transactions for Partner Applications and Select Users
The use of a Layer 3 architecture with Celestia for Data Availability means that transaction costs are low enough for the sequencer to sponsor specific transactions. This pattern is employed on the Syndicate Frame Chain, which provides user specific API endpoints for free transactions. The API endpoint makes it possible to prevent abuse through rate limiting specific accounts abusing or spamming the network. This architecture allows app developers to make business agreements with Eco sequencer providers to offer free transactions to their users.
These forms of alternative monetization are preferable to the existing paradigm of user based fees which add undue burden to users to hold gas tokens and are negligible to sequencer providers, thus causing more overall harm to the adoption of networks than good.
Protocol Enshrined Bridges
The Rollup will use “lock and mint” bridges to source stablecoin liquidity from all relevant supported chains. “Lock and Mint” bridges mean that stablecoins will be deposited on source chains, and minted on the Eco Rollup using an "xAsset" style of representation. Architectures that commingle different assets from different chains into a single wrapped stablecoins must grapple with the systemic risk introduced by doing so. Providing an architecture that legibly displays a specific asset from a specific source chain allows applications to decide which stablecoins are prudential for their applications.
Eco will utilize Hyperlane to secure its cross-chain lock and mint bridges, which will whitelist specific stablecoin assets for deposit onchain. These bridges will allow users to seamlessly deposit or withdraw funds from apps running on Eco and provide app developers composable bridges into their applications.
At launch, these bridges will support simple deposits and withdrawals, and will also support post-bridge interactions. Support for post-bridge interactions will enable developers to support smart contract interactions on other chains (i.e., a payment or NFT mint on a specific chain) while consolidating balances on a single chain.
Eco stablecoin assets bridged from canonical chains will have a naming schema of ${chain}${asset}. For example, USDC canonically bridged from OP will have the convention of opUSDC and USDT bridged from Base will have the naming convention baseUSDT.
Enshrined Stablecoin AMM
Eco will employ an enshrined AMM to pair together representations of stablecoins from supported source chains. Pools will be optimized for efficient settlement between stablecoin pairs and provide a simple way for developers to swap between assets on different source chains, supporting complex cross-chain interactions or asset preferences.
Stablecoin liquidity concentration, plus cheap execution cost for swapping, provides the ability for developers to build seamless experiences for p2p payments.
For example, the Bend wallet allows merchants to choose which stablecoin they would like to receive for payments. Whenever the merchant creates an invoice, Bend structures the transaction from the customer wallet to autoroute funds through liquidity pools, into the desired stablecoin. This allows EU merchants to receive EURC while abstracting away this preference from their customers who are paying in the USD based stablecoin of their choice.
Native Stablecoin Transfers
Eco will enshrine select stablecoins as gas tokens to reduce the cost of stablecoin operations even further. To allow gasless transfers, the Eco Rollup will ensure all native and bridged stablecoins support signature based transfer methods (like permit2 and others). Users will not need to worry about carrying a token balance to pay gas fees.
Account Abstraction Infrastructure / RIP-7212 Support
A core focus of the Eco Protocol is optimal user experience. To that end, the Eco Rollup will support Account Abstraction infrastructure from day one, and will continually incorporate emergent Account Abstraction improvements over time. For example, Eco will support RIP-7212 which enables passkeys in Apple and Android devices natively. Signing transactions on the Eco chain will enjoy best in class UX, and, using the Hyperlane post-bridge actions feature, allow for actions on other chains using those same signatures.
Cross-Chain Transfer System Integration
The combination of the Eco Rollup and the Cross-Chain Transfer System provides a framework for the absolute cheapest intent fills possible. In this paradigm, users and fillers are be able to opt into the proof of intents and claiming of rewards on the Rollup.
This also provides fillers a convenient place to manage liquidity, as intents can be filled by bridging any stablecoin out of the Rollup to fill an intent on the chain that stablecoin lives through post bridge hooks. The on-chain native AMM means fillers can easily balance funds between rollups on one chain, making it possible to rebalance and manage liquidity on one chain.
Finally, this model presents a great benefit for users who consolidate cross-chain balances on the Eco Rollup. These users can take advantage of extremely cheap transfers on all other supported chains using the Cross-Chain Transfer System, or can use post-bridge hooks to perform these actions themselves.
An L3 can acquire the state of the L2, the L1, and any L2s running on that L1 using the same methods described in the Technical Background section. At a high level, this is because Eco will expose it's settlement chain's block hash in the execution environment. Using this blockhash, it is possible to provide a "Russian Doll" proof that proves the L1 state using the L1Block oracle contract contained in the blockhash.
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